Avodah Zarah Daf 74 עבודה זרח דַף 74

The next Mishnah states: אלו אסורין ואוסרין בכל שהו – the following [items] are prohibited, and prohibit a mixture with even a minimal amount (i.e., they are never nullified, even among a thousand permitted pieces): יין נסך, an idol, heart-pierced animal skins (defined on Daf 32), שור הנסקל – an ox sentenced to be stoned, an עגלה ערופה, the birds brought by a metzora, a nazir’s hair, פטר חמור – a firstborn male donkey (following Rebbe Yehudah’s opinion, that it is forbidden in benefit), בשר בחלב – meat cooked with milk, the שעיר המשתלח, and chullin animals which were shechted in the עזרה. The Gemara explains that this Tanna requires two factors for something to prohibit a mixture with a כל שהוא: (1) דבר שבמנין – it must be an item significant enough that it is counted individually rather than in groups, (2) ואיסורי הנאה – and they must be [items] prohibited in benefit, not just consumption. In contrast, a significant piece of נבילה can be nullified among pieces of permitted meat, and an insignificant piece of חמץ on Pesach, although prohibited in הנאה, can also become בטל. [The Gemara notes that other items are included in the Mishnah’s law, and are recorded elsewhere]

In the next Mishnah, the Tanna Kamma rules that if יין נסך fell into a pit of wine, it is all forbidden in benefit. Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says: ימכר כולו לעובד כוכבים חוץ מדמי יי"נ שבו – the entire [mixture] can be sold to an עכו"ם except for the יין נסך’s value (i.e., he cannot charge for the יין נסך).

Rav says the halachah follows Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel in a case of חבית בחביות – a prohibited barrel which became mixed among permitted barrels (Rashi says he may arbitrarily throw one barrel into the river and then benefit from the rest). אבל לא יין ביין – But we do not follow Rabban Shimon in a case of prohibited wine which was mixed into permitted wine, where the entire mixture becomes prohibited. However, Shmuel, Rebbe Yochanan, and others rule like Rabba Shimon ben Gamliel even in a case of יין ביין. Rav Nachman said: הלכה למעשה – the practical halachah is that regarding known יין נסך (which was actually poured for idolatry), יין ביין is completely forbidden, but regarding סתם יין – ordinary wine of idolators (prohibited without knowing if ניסוך took place), we are lenient even for יין ביין.

The next Mishnah states: גת של אבן שזפתה עובד כוכבים – a stone winepress, which an idolator coated with pitch (in which wine was commonly added), מנגבה והיא טהורה – one “dries” it and it is purified from forbidden wine (the Gemara explains it is “dried” with water and ash). Rebbe says a press made of wood can also be dried, but the Chochomim say: יקלוף את הזפת – he must peel off the pitch coating, because the greater absorption in this thicker coating is not purified by drying. A Baraisa teaches that Rebbe agrees that קנקנים – earthenware jugs of idolators are prohibited, even if they were not coated (instead, they must be filled and emptied three times over three days). The Gemara explains the reason: זה מכניסו [ל]קיום – this jug holds wine for long-term storage, and its wine absorption is not removed through drying alone. Rava announced: נעוה ארתחו – a winepress may be purified by scalding it by boiling water (instead of removing the coating).