Chullin Daf 26 צולין דַף 26

Rav Nachman said in Rabbah bar Avuha’s name: תמד שלקחו בכסף מעשר – “Temed” (a drink made by soaking grapeseeds in water) which one purchased with maaser [sheni] money (i.e., money used to redeem maaser produce), ולבסוף החמיץ – and [the תמד] later fermented, קנה מעשר – [the תמד] acquires maaser status. Although it had not fermented at the time of purchase, איגלאי מילתא למפרע דפירא הוא – it is retroactively revealed that it was a fruit product, since it was capable of fermenting. The Gemara objects that the previous Mishnah taught that only fermented תמד may be purchased with maaser money, but not unfermented תמד. But perhaps if he would leave the תמד, it would later ferment (as the majority does)!? Rabbah answers that the Mishnah’s case is where he retained a cup of תמד, which did not ferment. Rava says that the Mishnah follows Rebbe Yochanan ben Nuri: a Mishnah states that if three lugin of water, minus a mere קורטוב, was completed with a קורטוב of wine or milk, it does not disqualify a mikveh of less than forty סאה. Rebbe Yochanan ben Nuri says: הכל הולך אחר המראה – everything follows the color (thus, three לוגין which includes milk would disqualify the mikveh). Here, since the תמד appears and tastes like water, he holds it cannot be purchased with maaser funds.

The next Mishnah states: כל מקום שיש מכר אין קנס – wherever there is a right of sale (i.e., a קטנה, whose father can sell her as an אמה עבריה), there is no fine (the fifty-shekel קנס paid by one who seduces or violates her), וכל מקום שיש קנס אין מכר – and wherever there is a fine (i.e., a נערה) there is no right of sale (i.e., the father can no longer sell her). Rav notes that this Mishnah follows Rebbe Meir, but the Chochomim hold there is a קנס at the same age as the right of sale. In a Baraisa, Rebbe Meir says that a קטנה, until growing two שערות, can be sold and does not obligate קנס if she is violated, and after she grows two שערות, she does obligate קנס and cannot be sold. But the Chochomim say: קטנה מבת ג' שנים ויום אחד עד שתיבגר – a minor girl, from three years of age until she becomes a full adult, יש לה קנס – does obligate a fine if she is violated, in addition to being able to be sold (while she is a קטנה).

The Mishnah states: כל מקום שיש תקיעה אין הבדלה – wherever there is a horn blast, there is no havdalah, and wherever there is הבדלה, there is no תקיעה. It explains that when Yom Tov falls on ערב שבת, we sound a horn to announce the approach of Shabbos, warning people to stop performing מלאכות which are only permitted on Yom Tov, but do not recite הבדלה, since Shabbos has greater restrictions. When Yom Tov falls on מוצאי שבת, we recite הבדלה but do not sound the horn, since the departing day of Shabbos has greater restrictions than the entering day of Yom Tov. In contrast to an ordinary ערב שבת, Rav Yehudah says that on Yom Tov, one blows a תרועה from within the תקיעה, and Rav Assi says he blows a תקיעה and תרועה with one breath. The Mishnah concludes that when reciting the הבדלה from Shabbos into Yom Tov, one says "המבדיל בין קודש לקודש" – “Who separates between holy and holy.” Rebbe Dosa holds one says "בין קודש חמור לקודש הקל" – “…between greater holiness and lesser holiness.” Amoraim debate if this text is only said בחתימתה – at [the ברכה’s] conclusion, or even בפתיחתה – at its beginning, but the halachah follows the first opinion.