Horayos Daf 9 הוריו דַף 9

Rebbe Yose HaGlili exempts a נשיא and כהן משיח from a קרבן עולה ויורד because it only applies to one who can come to wealth or poverty, and the נשיא and כהן משיח cannot come to poverty. Regarding a נשיא, the passuk says: ועשה אחת מכל מצות ה' אלקיו – [if the Nasi shall sin] and transgress any one of the commandments of Hashem, his G-d, which refers to מי שאין על גביו אלא ה' אלקיו – one who has no one over him but Hashem his G-d, i.e., the king, who is always wealthy. A כהן משיח is described as הכהן הגדול מאחיו – the Kohen who is above his brothers, which teaches שהוא גדול מאחיו בנוי בכח בחכמה ובעושר – that he must be greater than his brothers in beauty, strength, wisdom, and wealth. Others say, from where is it derived that if he does not have his own wealth, he should be raised in wealth from his brothers? The passuk says: והכהן הגדול מאחיו אשר יוצק על ראשו – and the Kohen who is raised above his brothers, upon whose head is poured [anointing oil]. This teaches: גדלהו מאחיו – elevate him through his brothers’ possessions.

In the Mishnah, Rebbe Akiva obligated a נשיא in a קרבן עולה ויורד. In a Baraisa, he says: משיח פטור מכולן – an Anointed Kohen is exempt from all of [the obligations of קרבן עולה ויורד]. Rava explains that the passuk about the כהן גדול’s daily מנחת חביתין, which is a tenth of an איפה of flour, says: זה קרבן אהרן ובניו – “this” is the korban of Aharon and his sons, which teaches: זו באה חובה לו – this (מנחה) is an obligation for him, ואין אחרת באה חובה לו – but no other such offering is an obligation for him. Thus, he is excluded from the poorest person’s form of a קרבן עולה ויורד, which is a tenth-איפה of flour. The Gemara asks that perhaps he was only excluded from "דלי דלות" – the poorest of the poor’s offering, but not from the korbanos of עניות ועשירות – moderately poor and wealthy, i.e., an animal or two birds!? It answers that the כפרה of קרבן עולה ויורד is described as "מאחת מאלה" – through one of these [offerings], teaching: המתכפר באחת מתכפר בכולן – one who can be atoned through any one of them, can be atoned with all of them, but a כהן משיח, who cannot bring the poorest form, does not bring any form. Rashi notes that Rebbe Akiva does require the משיח to bring a פר for these sins, as stated on the next amud.

In the next Mishnah, Rebbe Shimon says that although Beis Din does not bring a korban for the three sins which obligate a קרבן עולה ויורד, but a נשיא and כהן משיח are liable, except that a כהן משיח is exempt from the korban of טומאת מקדש. In a Baraisa, Rebbe Shimon seems to contradict himself by exempting a כהן משיח from all cases of עולה ויורד!? Rav Huna brei d’Rav Yehoshua explains that Rebbe Shimon obligates a כהן משיח in a poor person’s form (two birds), or a wealthy form (an animal), but exempts him from דלי דלות (flour). He agrees with Rebbe Akiva’s derashah above exempting him from דלי דלות, but does not agree to extend it to the other forms. Rava eventually explains why Rebbe Shimon exempts a כהן משיח from טומאת מקדש וקדשיו: the passuk says the sinner is cut off "מתוך הקהל" – from among the congregation, which teaches: מי שחטאתו שוה ליחידים – one whose sin is equal to ordinary individuals in obligating a korban, which are the קהל (all of whom would bring a korban where they sinned unintentionally), in contrast to a כהן משיח, who only brings a korban after an incorrect הוראה.