Menachos Daf 58 מנחוס דַף 58

Rami bar Chama asked: המעלה מבשר חטאת העוף ע"ג המזבח – if one offered up the meat of a bird chatas onto the mizbeiach, is he liable? Do we say the Torah only prohibited offering "כל שממנו לאישים" - any offering from which part of it was already given to the מזבח fires, והאי אין ממנו לאישים – but there is nothing from this (חטאת העוף) which is given to the fires, so the prohibition would not apply to it? Or does the prohibition include כל ששמו קרבן – anything entitled “an offering,” והאי נמי שמו קרבן – and this (חטאת העוף) is also entitled “an offering”? Rav Chisda answered that he is liable, since it is called a korban. This question is the subject of a machlokes Tannaim: Rebbe Eliezer says כל שממנו לאישים, and Rebbe Akiva says כל ששמו קרבן. Rav Chisda says the practical difference between them is the meat of a חטאת העוף, and Rava says the difference is לוג שמן של מצורע – a metzora’s log of oil, none of which is offered onto the מזבח, but is also called a “korban.”

A Baraisa quotes the passuk: שאור...לא תקטירו – leaven you shall not burn. אין לי אלא כולו – With only these words, I would only know that burning all of it is liable, i.e., an entire measure of שאור. To include liability for burning even מקצתו – part of [a measure of שאור], the passuk says "כל" – “any.” We derive liability for burning even עירובו – its mixture (i.e., a mixture of שאור and unleavened material) from "כי כל" – “for” any. Amoraim debate the definitions of "כולו" and "מקצתו". Abaye says "כולו" means a כזית, and "מקצתו" is even less than a כזית. He holds יש קומץ פחות משני זיתים – there is a kometz of less than two olives’ volume (i.e., there is no minimum requirement of two כזיתים), so when the Torah includes "מקצתו" (implying half of "כולו") it emerges that יש הקטרה פחותה מכזית – “burning on the מזבח” applies to even less than a כזית. Rava says "כולו" is a full kometz, and "מקצתו" is a half kometz (but a full כזית). He holds a קומץ requires two כזיתים, so even after half a kometz was included, it remains that אין הקטרה פחותה מכזית – burning on the מזבח does not apply to less than a כזית.

Amoraim discuss: המעלה משאור ומדבש על גבי המזבח – if one offers up mixture of leaven and honey onto the mizbeiach, Rava says he incurs four sets of malkus: for offering שאור, for offering דבש, for offering עירובי שאור – leaven mixtures, and for offering עירובי דבש – honey mixtures (since they were mixed into each other). Abaye says: אין לוקין על לאו שבכללות – one does not incur malkus for violating a general prohibition. Since the phrase "כל שאור" incorporates both the prohibition of leaven and a leaven mixture, and "כל דבש" includes both the prohibition of honey and a honey mixture, they are each a לאו שבכללות. There are two versions of Abaye’s opinion: according to some he still incurs one set of malkus for each prohibition, but there is no second malkus for the additional mixture prohibitions (thus, he would be liable to two sets of malkus). According to others, חדא נמי לא לקי – he does not even incur one set of malkus, דהא לא מיחד לאויה כלאו דחסימה – because its prohibition is not specific, like the לאו prohibiting muzzling an animal while it threshes. Since that is the prototype for malkus, and these לאוין are different from it, they do not incur any malkus at all.