Menachos Daf 59 מנחוס דַף 59

The next Mishnah states: יש טעונות שמן ולבונה – there are [menachos] which require both oil and levonah; some require oil but not לבונה; some require לבונה but not oil, and some require neither oil nor לבונה. The Mishnah proceeds to list ten menachos which require both שמן and לבונה (a minchah of סולת – fine flour, of מחבת, of מרחשת, of חלות – loaves, of רקיקין – wafers, a minchah of Kohanim, of the כהן משיח, a minchah of an idolator, a minchah of women, and the מנחת העומר). A מנחת נסכים (brought along with a korban) requires שמן but not לבונה, and the לחם הפנים requires לבונה, but not שמן. The שתי הלחם of Shavuos, the מנחת חוטא – sinner’s minchah, and מנחת קנאות – minchah of jealousies (i.e., of a סוטה) require neither oil nor לבונה. The sources for the various categories of this Mishnah are discussed at length.

The next Mishnah states that one is liable for adding oil to a minchah by itself, and liable for adding לבונה by itself. נתן עליה שמן פסלה – if he put oil onto [a מנחת חוטא], he disqualifies it. But if he put on levonah, ילקטנה – he collects [the לבונה], and the minchah is valid. Rabbah bar Rav Huna asked Rebbe Yochanan, if one placed לבונה שחוקה – ground levonah onto the minchah, is it disqualified? Does לבונה ordinarily not invalidate a מנחת חוטא because it can be removed, whereas this לבונה which cannot be removed would disqualify it? Or is the reason לבונה does not disqualify a minchah משום דלא מיבלעא – because it is not absorbed into the minchah, and this ground לבונה, which is likewise not absorbed into the minchah, would also not disqualify it? A Baraisa teaches that פיגול intent does not make a minchah פיגול while there is לבונה on it, since the minchah is not valid then, but after the לבונה is removed, פיגול intent would render it פיגול. This proves the לבונה must actually be removed to validate the minchah.

Rebbe Yochanan says: נתן משהו שמן על גבי כזית מנחה פסל – if one placed even a minimal amount of oil onto a כזית of a sinner’s minchah, he disqualifies it. The passuk says "לא ישים" – he shall not place oil on it, which implies even שימה כל דהו – a minimal placing is disqualifying. However, the word "עליה" – on it implies that the minchah is not disqualified through adding oil עד דאיכא שיעורא – until there is a full כזית measure of the minchah receiving the oil. Regarding לבונה, Rebbe Yochanan says: נתן כזית לבונה על גבי משהו מנחה פסל – if one placed a כזית of levonah onto even a minimal amount of a minchah, he disqualified it. The passuk says "לא יתן" – he shall not put [levonah], implying that levonah does not disqualify the minchah עד דאיכא נתינה – until there is a significant putting. The word "עליה" – on it in this passuk (following the "עליה" of the passuk about oil) is a ריבוי אחר ריבוי, which is darshened למעט – to limit, and applies even to a minimal portion of a minchah. In another version, Rebbe Yochanan was uncertain if placing a משהו of oil onto a כזית of minchah disqualifies it, or if the שימה – placing of oil must parallel the נתינה – putting of levonah, and requires a כזית.