Menachos Daf 76 מנחוס דַף 76

The next Mishnah states: כל המנחות טעונות שלש מאות שיפה – all menachos require three hundred rubbings between his hands, וחמש מאות בעיטה- and five hundred poundings with his fist or palm. The Tanna Kamma says the rubbings and poundings are performed on the wheat (so the husk will come off easily), but Rebbe Yose says it is performed בבצק – with the dough (so it will look pleasant). [The Gemara will clarify that Rebbe Yose means it is only performed on the dough, and not on the wheat.] A Baraisa teaches that he rubs once, pounds twice, rubs twice, and pounds three times, and repeats this sequence one hundred times until the שיפה totals three hundred and the בעיטה totals five hundred. Rebbe Yirmiyah asks if אמטויי ואתויי – rubbing back and forth is considered one rubbing or two, and this is left unresolved. In the Mishnah, Rebbe Yehudah says that all menachos are brought in groups of ten loaves, except for the לחם הפנים and חביתי כהן גדול, which are brought in groups of twelve. Rebbe Meir says all menachos are brought in groups of twelve loaves, except for the breads of the תודה and of the נזיר, which are brought in groups of ten. The Gemara explains their machlokes.

Shmuel said: לחמי תודה שאפאן ארבע חלות יצא – loaves of todah which he baked as four large loaves (baking each of the four types as a single loaf instead of ten of each), he fulfills his obligation. Although the Torah says forty loaves, this is only למצוה, but not critical. The Gemara objects that he must separate terumah from each of the four types, and he cannot take a piece from each loaf, because the Torah said "אחד" – one, teaching שלא יטול פרוס – that one cannot take a broken piece!? It answers: דאפרשינהו בלישה – he separated [the terumah] during its kneading, so a piece could be taken and the remaining loaf will still be whole. Shmuel is challenged from a Baraisa: כל המנחות שריבה במדת חלתן – all menachos whose number of loaves was increased (e.g., eleven loaves instead of ten), או שמיעט במדת חלתן – or whose number of loaves was decreased, are valid, but those of the לחם הפנים, חביתי כהן גדול, and the breads of the todah and the nazir korbanos are פסול!? The Gemara answers by proving that Tannaim argue if the numbers of תודה and nazir breads are מעכב.

The next Mishnah states that the עומר is a single עשרון of flour sifted from three סאה of flour (ten times the final amount). The שתי הלחם was two עשרונים sifted from three סאה, and the לחם הפנים was twenty-four עשרונים sifted from twenty-four סאה. The Gemara explains that the עומר is made from the new crop, and from barley, both of which increase the chaff, and three סאה are required to produce a single עשרון of fine flour. The שתי הלחם is also made from the new crop, but from wheat, which has less chaff, and requires less sifting. The לחם הפנים is made from wheat, and from the old crop, so less grain is required to produce the necessary flour. The next Mishnah states that the עומר was sifted through thirteen sieves, the שתי הלחם through twelve, and the לחם הפנים through eleven. Rebbe Shimon says there was no set number of sieves; rather, one could bring flour which was previously sufficiently sifted. A Baraisa describes the sequence of the sieves used as alternating between fine and coarse sieves which remove more flour dust and bran (respectively) than the ones before them.