Menachos Daf 83 מנחוס דַף 83

On the previous Daf, Rebbe Akiva rejected Rebbe Eliezer’s source that a pesach must be brought from chullin. Instead, Rebbe Akiva derives it from a superfluous passuk ("זאת התורה לעולה למנחה ולחטאת וגו'") which teaches to compare numerous korbanos to each other. After presenting what Rebbe Eliezer darshens from each element of the passuk, the Gemara presents Rebbe Akiva’s derashos. From "חטאת", he derives: מה חטאת אינה באה אלא מן החולין וביום ובידו הימנית – just as a chatas may only be brought from chullin, and must be offered during the day, and the avodah must be performed with [the Kohen’s] right hand, so too all (mandatory) korbanos must be brought from chullin, and must be offered during the day, and with the Kohen’s right hand [these last two laws are derived from elsewhere, and are mentioned בכדי – unnecessarily]. A חטאת must be brought from chullin based on the passuk: והקריב אהרן את פר החטאת אשר לו – and Aharon shall bring the bull chatas which is his. The word "לו" teaches it must be brought משלו ולא משל מעשר – from his own funds, and not from maaser sheni funds.

The Gemara asks what Rebbe Akiva darshens from the mention of בקר in the passuk of "וזבחת פסח", and answers that it teaches that מותר הפסח יהא לדבר הבא מן הצאן ומן הבקר – a “residual pesach” (e.g., extra money which had been designated for a pesach) should be brought as something which comes from both flocks and cattle, i.e., a שלמים. The Gemara objects that there are two other sources for treating a pesach like a shelamim during the year, and explains the necessity of all three derashos: one would have thought that only עברה זמנו ועברה שנתו – [a pesach] whose time [for offering] had passed and its first year had passed becomes a שלמים, because דאידחי ליה לגמרי – it was completely pushed away from being used as a pesach, but not if it is still within its first year, since it is still eligible as a pesach sheni. Therefore, the second derashah teaches this also become a שלמים. The third derashah teaches that even if neither its time nor first year passed, and it is still eligible for the pesach in ניסן, it still becomes a שלמים if it was shechted שלא לשמו before the appropriate time.

The ninth Perek begins: כל קרבנות הציבור והיחיד – the grain for all offerings, both communal and private, באין מן הארץ ומחוצה לארץ – may come from the Land of Eretz Yisroel or from outside Eretz Yisroel, מן החדש ומן הישן – and from either the new crop or the old crop, except for the עומר and שתי הלחם, which must be brought from חדש, and from Eretz Yisroel. וכולן אינן באין אלא מן המובחר – And all of them may only come from the choicest produce. The Mishnah identifies the flour of מכניס and זיטחא as אלפא לסלת – foremost among fine flour, and the flour of עפוריים in the valley as second to them. All the lands were valid, but they would bring the grain from here. This Mishnah disagrees with another Tanna, who holds that even the עומר and שתי הלחם may be brought from the old crop, אלא שחיסר מצוה – except that [such an offering] lacks a mitzvah to use the new crop. This Tanna darshens pesukim which allow bringing each one אפי' מן העלייה – even from the old crop stored in the attic. The next Daf quotes a Tanna who even allows the עומר to be brought from חוצה לארץ.