Zevachim Daf 37 זבחים דַף 37

A Baraisa had derived from "ודם זבחיך ישפך" that one מתנה suffices for korbanos of the מזבח החיצון. The Gemara objects that another Baraisa darshens this to teach לניתנין בזריקה שנתנן בשפיכה – for [bloods] which should be applied by throwing, which [a Kohen] applied instead by pouring, that he is יוצא!? It answers that the first Baraisa holds like Rebbe Akiva, that לא זריקה בכלל שפיכה – throwing is not included in pouring, ולא שפיכה בכלל זריקה – and pouring is not included in throwing, i.e., one who pours the blood of a korban requiring זריקה is not יוצא [since he does not darshen the passuk like Rebbe Yishmael, it is thus available to darshen that one מתנה suffices]). This machlokes emerges from a Mishnah, in which Rebbe Yishmael says: ברך ברכת הפסח פטר את של זבח – if one made the berachah for [eating] the korban pesach, he has also exempted that of the korban [chagigah]. Since a pesach’s blood is poured, and a חגיגה’s blood is נזרק, he holds זריקה בכלל שפיכה, and the pesach’s berachah covers the חגיגה. However, the chagigah’s berachah would not cover the pesach’s. Rebbe Akiva says neither berachah covers the other, holding that even זריקה is not בכלל שפיכה.

The Gemara asks that "ודם זבחיך ישפך" is needed for yet another derashah: in a Baraisa, Rebbe Yishmael says that although a passuk teaches that a bechor’s blood is נזרק, and its אימורים are burned on the מזבח, the source that מעשר בהמה and pesach also require מתן דמים ואימורים is "ודם זבחיך ישפך". How can this passuk also teach that a single מתנה is sufficient? The Gemara answers that the earlier Baraisa holds like Rebbe Yose HaGlili, who derives that maaser and pesach require מתן דמים ואימורים from the passuk of bechor itself: דמו לא נאמר אלא דמם – [the passuk] does not say to throw “its blood,” but “their” blood; חלבו לא נאמר אלא חלבם – it does not say to burn “its fat,” but “their fat.” These plural terms teach that bechor, maaser, and pesach all require מתן דמים ואימורין. [Accordingly, Rebbe Yose HaGlili holds the blood of these korbanos is נזרק, whereas Rebbe Yishmael holds it is poured.] This passuk says "ובשרם יהיה לך" – and “their” meat shall be yours (i.e., for Kohanim). According to Rebbe Yishmael, the plurality refers to all בכורות. According to Rebbe Yose HaGlili, this teaches that a bechor בעל מום is also given to a Kohen.

In the Mishnah, Beis Shammai said that two מתנות of blood of a חטאת are מעכב. Rav Huna explains that the pesukim mention the word "קרנות" – horns (of the מזבח) three times, with the plural term indicating a total of six. Four of these are למצוה – the commanded procedure, and two are מעכב. Beis Hillel holds only one מתנה is מעכב, because two of the words are written as "קַרְנֹת" without a "ו", and can be read as the singular "קַרְנַת". This results in a total of four; three are למצוה, and only one is מעכב. We do not say all four are למצוה, and none are מעכב, because כפרה בכדי לא אשכחן – we do not find atonement without any [avodah on the מזבח]. Alternatively, Beis Hillel holds אהני מקרא ואהני מסורת – the pronounced form of the word has effect, and the written form has effect. Thus, the pronounced form (indicating six מתנות) adds one to the lower number, and the written form (indicating four) subtracts one from the higher number, resulting in a total of five. Four of these are למצוה, and one is מעכב.