Zevachim Daf 7 זבחים דַף 7

Rava taught that if a חטאת was shechted for the sake of someone liable to a חטאת, it is invalid, but if it was shechted for the sake of someone liable to an עולה, it remains valid, because only an intent for someone whose korban liability is "דומיא דידיה'" – similar to his can disqualify, as taught on Daf 3b. Rava also said that a חטאת which was shechted על מי שאינו מחוייב כלום – for the sake of someone who is not liable to any [korban], it is פסול, שאין לך אדם בישראל שאינו מחוייב עשה – because there is no one in Yisroel who is not liable for atonement for transgressing a positive commandment. Such a person would receive כפרה from a חטאת, as Rava said: חטאת מכפרת על חייבי עשה – a chatas atones for liabilities for transgressions of positive commandments, based on a kal vachomer: since a חטאת atones for כרת liabilities, it certainly atones for an עשה! But since a חטאת atones for an עשה, shechting for someone liable to an עולה should also invalidate the חטאת!? The Gemara answers: מקיבעא לא מכפרא – [a chatas] does not directly atone [for an עשה]; מקופיא מכפרא – it only atones for it peripherally. However, if someone vowed to bring an עולה, all his עשה liabilities attach to the עולה, so he would not be atoned by a חטאת.

Rava said: עולה הבאה לאחר מיתה – regarding an olah being brought after the owner’s death, if it is shechted for another type of korban (שינוי קודש), it does not count for its obligation and must be replaced. If it was shechted for another person (שינוי בעלים), it is valid and counts for its obligation, דאין בעלים לאחר מיתה – because there is no owner after death, and intent for another person does not harm the korban. Rav Pinchas brei d’Rav Ami said: יש בעלים לאחר מיתה – there is an owner after death, i.e., the יורש becomes the new owner. Rav Ashi asked Rav Pinchas if he said this דוקא – literally, considering the יורש an owner to the degree that intent for another person would undermine the korban and require a replacement (thus disagreeing with Rava), or did he merely mean that the עולה would atone for an עשה violation the יורש may have (if it is properly shechted), but shechting it for someone else would not require a replacement? He replied that he meant it literally and disagrees with Rava.

Rava said: עולה דורון היא – an olah is a gift to Hashem, intended for after he has already received atonement. He argued that if the owner did not repent before bringing the korban, the passuk says: זבח רשעים תועבה – the sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination and would not atone for him! If he did do teshuvah beforehand, why is a korban necessary for atonement? A Baraisa says that if someone transgressed an עשה and repented, לא זז משם עד שמוחלים לו – he does not move from there before he is immediately forgiven!? אלא שמע מינה דורון הוא – Rather, learn from here that [an עולה] is a gift.