Menachos Daf 62 מנחוס דַף 62

A Baraisa discussing the תנופה of the שתי הלחם and the כבשי עצרת notes that the passuk says והניף הכהן אותם על לחם הביכורים – and the Kohen shall wave them (the lambs) upon the first-offering breads, implying the כבשים are on top, but it then says " על שני כבשים" – upon the two lambs, implying the lambs are underneath. Since the correct procedure cannot be determined from the passuk, we reason: מה מצינו בכל מקום לחם למעלה – just as we find every other place that the bread is on top, here too, the bread is on top. Rav Pappa explains that we find the bread was placed on top במילואים – during the משכן’s Inauguration. Three more opinions are cited: (2) Rebbe Yose ben Hamshulam says the כבשים are on top, and the phrase "על שני כבשים" excludes the other seven lambs (which are עולות) from תנופה. (3) Chanina ben Chachinai says the לחם is placed בין ירכותיהן – between the thighs of the כבשים and are waved together, thereby fulfilling both pesukim. (4) Rebbe objects that they not do this before a מלך בשר ודם; can they do this before the מלך מלכי המלכים?! Rather, מניח זה בצד זה ומניף – he places one beside the other and waves (he interprets "על" as בסמוך – near).

Rebbe Yochanan explains the symbolism of waving in all directions: מוליך ומביא למי שהרוחות שלו – he brings them outwards and inwards for the sake of the One Who the four directions of the world are His; מעלה ומוריד למי שהשמים והארץ שלו – and raises and lowers them for the sake of the One Who Heaven and Earth are His. Rebbe Yose bar Rebbe Chanina explains: מוליך ומביא כדי לעצור רוחות רעות – he brings them outwards and inwards to stop harmful winds (from all four directions); מעלה ומוריד כדי לעצור טללים רעים – he raises and lowers them to stop harmful dews from descending from above. Rebbe Yose bar Rav Avin observed: זאת אומרת שירי מצוה מעכבים את הפורענות – this demonstrates that even “residual” parts of mitzvos can prevent punishment, because תנופה is "שירי מצוה" (it is not מעכב), yet it prevents harmful winds and dews. Rabbah says the לולב is waved similarly. Rav Acha bar Yaakov would bring it outwards and inwards and say: גירא בעינא דשטנא – “An arrow in the eye of the Satan!” However, this is not advisable, because the שטן may incite him to sin.

Rebbe says that the זבחי שלמי ציבור – communal shelamim offerings (i.e. the כבשי עצרת) require a second waving after shechitah, ותנופתן כמות שהן – and their waving is done as they are, i.e., the entire lambs are waved whole. But the Chochomim say בחזה ושוק – the waving is only done with the breast and thigh portions. This machlokes is explained in three ways: (1) The Rabbonon hold דון מינה ומינה – “derive the law from it and derive the parameters from it.”: just as the post-shechitah תנופה is derived from a private שלמים, the תנופה is also similarly done only with the חזה ושוק. Rebbe holds דון מינה ואוקי באתרה – derive the law from it, but establish its parameters according to its own place, so we derive the manner of תנופה from the pre-shechitah תנופה of the כבשי עצרת, so they are waved whole. (2) All Tannaim hold דון מינה ומינה, but Rebbe holds that just as a private שלמים’s waving is the Kohanim’s entire portion (the חזה ושוק), here too the תנופה is the Kohanim’s entire portion (here, the whole lamb). (3) All Tannaim hold דון מינה ואוקי באתרה, but the Rabbonon darshen "שלמיהם" written by a private שלמים to include the שלמי ציבור.