Menachos Daf 73 מנחוס דַף 73

On the previous Daf, the seventh Perek began: ואלו מנחות נקמצות ושיריהן לכהנים – and these are the menachos which are subject to kemitzah, and their remnants are for the Kohanim to eat. It lists ten different menachos, and the Gemara asks for the source that even the שירים of barley menachos are eaten by Kohanim. Chizkiyah gives a source, and on this Daf, a Baraisa derives numerous offerings: "כל קרבנם" – all their offerings includes the לוג שמן of the מצורע. Although a passuk says remainders "מן האש" – from the fire are eaten by Kohanim, this derashah teaches that they also receive the לוג שמן. "לכל מנחתם" – all their menachos includes even the מנחת העומר, and the מנחת הקנאות (of a סוטה), teaching that although the passuk says "אשר כופר בהם" – [those] who were atoned through them, and the מנחת העומר is only להתיר – to permit (new grain), and the מנחת קנאות comes לברר עון – to determine if a sin was committed, these are also eaten by Kohanim. "ולכל חטאתם" – and all their חטאות includes a חטאת העוף, which would otherwise be prohibited as a נבילה, since it is killed through מליקה. "לכל אשמם" – for all their אשמות includes an אשם of a nazir tamei, although it comes להכשיר – to qualify him to restart his nezirus.

Rav Huna said: שלמי העובדי כוכבים עולות – the shelamim [korbanos] of idolators are offered like olos, and are completely burned on the מזבח. This can be derived from a passuk, or from logic. The logical argument is that עובד כוכבים לבו לשמים – an idolator’s mind is that his sacrifices are completely offered to Heaven. The source from a passuk is: "אשר יקריבו לה' לעולה" – that they will bring it to Hashem as an olah, teaching: כל דמקרבי עולה ליהוי – any [korban] they bring shall be an olah. This ruling is challenged from our Mishnah, which teaches that the שירים of an עכו"ם’s minchah are eaten by Kohanim!? Rebbe Yochanan answers that they reflect a machlokes Tannaim: "איש איש" – every man teaches לרבות את העובדי כוכבים שנודרין נדרים ונדבות כישראל – to include idolators, that they can pledge vowed korbanos and donated korbanos like a Yisroel. Rebbe Yose HaGlili proceeds to darshen various phrases of the passuk to include other types of offerings (including shelamim, תודה, birds, wine, and wood), and the word "לעולה" excludes idolators from korbanos of nezirus. But Rebbe Akiva says "לעולה" teaches אין לי אלא עולה בלבד – I have only olah for an עכו"ם’s korban, and no others.

A Baraisa darshens "אזרח" – native to teach: אזרח מביא נסכים – only a native Jew may bring nesachim by themselves, without a korban, ואין העובד כוכבים מביא נסכים – but an idolator may not bring nesachim by themselves. יכול לא תהא עולתו טעונה נסכים – One could think that his olah would not require nesachim to be brought along with it, so the passuk says "ככה" – “so [shall be done for every bull, etc.”], to teach that even an עכו"ם’s olah requires נסכים. The Gemara asks that this Baraisa does not conform with either Tanna quoted above, because Rebbe Yose HaGlili taught that an עכו"ם can bring wine by itself (i.e., נסכים), and Rebbe Akiva said that an עכו"ם can only bring an עולה, and nothing else!? The Gemara answers that the Baraisa can be either Tanna: we can say it is Rebbe Yose HaGlili, and delete the word “wine” from Rebbe Yose HaGlili’s list, or it can be Rebbe Akiva, and he holds an עכו"ם can bring עולה וכל חבירתה – an olah and all of its accompaniments (i.e., its נסכים).